Which of the following is NOT listed as a sign or symptom of Machado-Joseph Disease in the material?

• A. Spasticity
• B. Dystonia
• C. Hypokinesia
• D. Rigidity

Answer: (A)

Machado-Joseph disease combines cerebellar problems with extrapyramidal features, and many educational materials highlight particular motor signs that tend to stand out in this condition. In the material you're studying, dystonia, hypokinesia, and rigidity are listed as characteristic motor signs, reflecting sustained abnormal postures, slowed movement, and increased muscle tone, respectively. Spasticity, which is a velocity-dependent increase in tone due to upper motor neuron involvement, is not enumerated in that source as a listed sign. That doesn’t mean it can’t occur in some patients, but the material you’re using does not call it out. So spasticity isn’t the sign described in the list, whereas dystonia, hypokinesia, and rigidity are.